Skip to main content

· 7 min read

OSI stands for Open system interconnection which was introduced by ISO in 1976 i think so. This is a conceptual model that contains several layers that has protocols and things being used. The main part of such like OSI or TCP/IP is to streamline the process and explain how data is transmitted between two devices.... Khalas, that is what this model is. An abstract model that describes how data is going and for this each layer has rules that govern how data is sent and in what format

· 19 min read

History Of Cryptography

Humans have two basic needs when we take about communication. One is the need to communicate selectively, to communicate and share information. These two basic needs while communicating gave rise to coding and encrypting the messages in such a way that only intended people could have access to the information.

Concepts we should be familiar with

What is a cipher ??

A Cipher is a algorithm for performing encryption and decryption - a series of well defined steps that can be followed as a procedure

What is cryptography ??

Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure communications between two parties

What is Transposition cipher ??

Here the units of the plaintext are rearranged or shuffled without changing the actual letters themselves using a key

What is a substitution cipher ??

In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting in which units of plaintext are replaced with the ciphertext, in a defined manner, with the help of a key; the "units" may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth. The receiver deciphers the text by performing the inverse substitution process to extract the original message.